MTG Salvation

Assuming Inkmoth Nexus isn't a merged permanent:

When Inkmoth Nexus's last ability resolves, Inkmoth Nexus will, until end of turn—

• be a Phyrexian Blinkmoth artifact creature in addition to its other types (except it will have no creature types other than Phyrexian and Blinkmoth) (C.R. 613.1d; see comment 7),
• gain flying and infect (C.R. 613.1f), and
• have base power and toughness 1/1 (C.R. 613.1g, 613.3b).

If Sea-Dasher Octopus "mutates" on top of Inkmoth Nexus before that effect ends, the resulting permanent will have Sea-Dasher Octopus's copiable values, except the resulting permanent—

• will retain Inkmoth Nexus's usual abilities (its two activated abilities) (C.R. 613.1a),
• will continue to be a Phyrexian Blinkmoth artifact creature in addition to its other types until end of turn (except it will have no creature types other than Phyrexian and Blinkmoth) (C.R. 613.1d, 203.1b; see comment 7),
• will continue to have flying and infect until end of turn (C.R. 613.1f), and
• will continue to have base power and toughness 1/1 (not 2/2) until end of turn (C.R. 613.1g, 613.4b).

Note, in particular, that the effect making Inkmoth Nexus "a 1/1 Phyrexian Blinkmoth artifact creature with flying and infect" lasts until end of turn even after it mutates this way. When that effect wears off, that permanent—

• will have Sea-Dasher Octopus's and Inkmoth Nexus's usual abilities (C.R. 613.1a),
• will be a creature and no other card types and be an Octopus and no other creature types (C.R. 613.1d, 203.1b),
• will no longer have flying and infect, and
• will have base power and toughness 2/2.

Also, if that ability is activated again, does the Octopus become a 1/1 as well as gaining the relevant keywords (and for how long?), or is that part ignored?

The ability "1: Inkmoth Nexus becomes...", when it resolves, will make Sea-Dasher Octopus become "a 1/1 Phyrexian Blinkmoth artifact creature with flying and infect until end of turn", even if it's neither a land nor named Inkmoth Nexus (C.R. 201.4).

EDIT (Aug. 11, 2022): Edited to conform to updated text in Inkmoth Nexus.

EDIT (Feb. 24, 2024): Correctness edit.

If a continuous effect makes the card already revealed as it's discarded, C.R. 701.8c doesn't apply anymore. Thus, with Library of Leng, it can be discarded to the top of the library to pay costs of discarding a card of a particular kind, if that card is of that kind. This is true whether the continuous effect reveals the player's hand (e.g. with Revelation) or the top card of the player's library (e.g. with Future Sight).

EDIT (Oct. 28): Clarification.
EDIT (Nov. 11): One rule was renumbered with Kaladesh.
EDIT (Nov. 3, 2019): Correctness edit.
EDIT (Dec. 25, 2023): Struck out existing answer. On this matter, see an article from Cranial Insertion. I don't intend to dispute that article, but C.R. 701.8c says in part: "... but an effect causes it to be put into a hidden zone instead of into its owner’s graveyard without being revealed ...". The way the rule is written admits the interpretation that the specific manner in which the card in question is revealed doesn't matter. The rule would be more clearly consistent with the answer to the question involving Library of Leng if it said "... but an effect causes it to be put into a hidden zone instead of into its owner’s graveyard and doesn't also reveal that card ...". Indeed, also, the setting of the question involving Library of Leng there doesn't involve continuous effects that reveal cards.

I assume you haven't cast any spells yet this turn before the beginning of this scenario.

Then, if you cast Vrestin here, The Eighth Doctor will grant it "If this permanent ... anywhere else" and The Sixth Doctor's ability will trigger (C.R. 603.2). Moreover, The Sixth Doctor's ability will get to resolve even if The Sixth Doctor leaves the battlefield in the meantime (C.R. 113.7a). Indeed, it's not by removing The Sixth Doctor from the battlefield, but by countering the ability, that the ability can be kept from resolving (C.R. 701.5a, 608.2b, 109.5).

In general, while a player casts a spell or activates an ability, no player has priority, so no other player can cast spells or activate abilities (including those that would remove permanents from the battlefield) (C.R. 601.2a-i and 602.2a-b have no priority window until the spell is cast or ability activated; C.R. 117.1a-b). In general, after a player announces a spell, the next time a player can get priority is only after that spell finishes being cast (C.R. 601.2i, 117.1a-b).

By the way, although the original Vrestin will gain "If this permanent ... anywhere else" from The Eighth Doctor, a copy of Vrestin will not necessarily have that ability, since the effect granting Vrestin the ability is not copiable (C.R. 707.2).

Quote from Lightningtow123 »

But mistriggers. The term itself would suggest to me that you forget to do the effect of a triggered ability. That makes sense, if the words are "when X happens, you MAY do this". But what if it is a mandatory effect? For example, Eidolon of the Great Revel doesn't say "may", but I heard about some guy losing a world championship because he mistriggered on it. Once you miss your opportunity, is it too late, even if it's listed as mandatory?

In this situation in a sanctioned tournament, if players notice that the game was handled improperly, they should call a judge (see also M.T.R. 1.10).

In sanctioned tournaments, how a forgotten triggered ability is handled depends on what the ability's effect is and the rules enforcement level of the tournament, among other things (M.T.R. 4.5; J.A.R., "Common Issues"; I.P.G. 2.1).

In sanctioned tournaments at Regular rules enforcement level, if a triggered ability with no optional effects (such as Neheb, the Worthy's last ability) (see also C.R. 603.5) is forgotten, and a judge is called, a judge will generally "put the ability on the stack unless [they] think it would be too disruptive [and unless] significant decisions have been made based on the effect not happening" (J.A.R., "Common Issues").

In sanctioned tournaments at Competitive or Professional rules enforcement level, in general, if a triggered ability with no optional effects (such as Prized Amalgam's delayed triggered ability) (see also C.R. 603.5) is forgotten, and a judge is called in the same turn, a judge may assess a Missed Trigger infraction against the player responsible for remembering that ability (I.P.G. 2.1). If so, then with limited exceptions, "the opponent chooses whether the triggered ability is added to the stack. If it is, it's inserted at the appropriate place on the stack if possible or on the bottom of the stack" (I.P.G. 2.1).

In sanctioned tournaments in general, players who intentionally ignore "their own triggered abilities" have cheated (M.T.R. 4.5).

See also this thread and this thread.

Or what about people forgetting about "creatures you control get +1/+1" or similar effects? There are times I've attacked with a creature, then my opponent tells me "wait that should be dead from combat damage last turn, put it in your graveyard". Does my creature belatedly die? Or does nothing happen and the game just goes on?

In this situation in a sanctioned tournament, if players notice that the game was handled improperly, they should call a judge (see also M.T.R. 1.10).

In any case, an ability that reads "Creatures you control get +1/+1" is not a triggered ability (C.R. 603.1), so the tournament rules and policy relating to triggered abilities and the Missed Trigger infraction don't apply here. (In this case, there is a mandatory action, namely a state-based action [such as C.R. 704.5g], but it arises out of the rules, not from a triggered ability.) In sanctioned games, however, an object's power and toughness is considered "derived information" (or "free information" in Regular rules enforcement level) (M.T.R. 4.1), and every player is entitled to know an object's power or toughness and "players may not represent derived or free information incorrectly" (M.T.R. 4.1). In games sanctioned under Regular rules enforcement level, "judges are encouraged to help players in determining" an object's power or toughness, which is considered free information, but in other sanctioned games, "must avoid assisting players with" this information (M.T.R. 4.1). See also this thread.

No.

In general, when a permanent goes to the graveyard, it becomes a different object from the one that left (C.R. 400.7), so in this case in general, effects that applied to the Vehicle on the battlefield, such as the crew effect (C.R. 702.122a), don't apply to the card it becomes in the graveyard — even though the crew effect lasts "until end of turn".

Also, Resourceful Return can target only a "creature card [in] your graveyard" (C.R. 115.1a).

EDIT (Oct. 8, 2023): Edited, including because some rules were renumbered in the meantime.
EDIT (Oct. 9, 2023): Remove part of last sentence.

If multiple triggered abilities would go on the stack at the same time, the active player (the player whose turn it is) puts those they control there in the order of their choice, and so on with the other players in turn order (C.R. 603.3b, 101.4).

See also:

- https://www.reddit.com/r/mtgrules/comments/11c6gjh/stack_order/
- https://www.reddit.com/r/mtgrules/comments/11brjwk/stack_order

1. Ranar's last ability won't trigger when Ephemerate is exiled as it resolves (the same is true for Time Spiral or Burning Wish), since the spell is neither a card in hand nor a permanent (C.R. 110.1, 112.1). But if you discard a card due to madness, you discard it into exile, so Ranar's last ability will trigger since the card was exiled from your hand (recall that madness means, in part, "that player discards it, but exiles it instead of putting it into their graveyard" [C.R. 702.35a]).

2. It's the player controlling Rest in Peace who exiles the creature, no matter who sacrifices that creature with Blasting Station (see also C.R. 109.5). (Recall that "exile" is a keyword action; see C.R. 701.11a.) Ranar's last ability will trigger in this case, however, only if "a spell or ability you control exiles" that creature; this generally means the creature is exiled while the spell or ability is resolving (even if it's exiled instead of going to another zone), but (in accordance with a statement by the rules manager) not while you're paying the cost of a spell or ability such as Blasting Station's first ability. See comment 13 below.

If you control Rest in Peace (as in scenarios (a) through (c)) and any card or token (controlled or owned by any player) would go to any graveyard by any means (whether by destruction, sacrifice, or otherwise), you exile that card or token instead. (Thus, for example, if multiple creatures, whether controlled by one player or several, are destroyed due to combat damage at the same time, then instead of them going to the graveyard, you exile all those creatures instead.) However Ranar's last ability doesn't care who exiles any permanents or cards.

Note also that it's not damage, by itself, that destroys a creature, but rather a state-based action could do so (C.R. 120.5, 704.5g-h).

EDIT: Edited to add note about damage, after comment 9 was posted.
EDIT (Mar. 15): Edited.
EDIT (Apr. 22): See comment 10.
EDIT (May 1): One rule was renumbered with Strixhaven.
EDIT (Aug. 14): Edited, including to conform to updated text in Modern Horizons 2.
EDIT (Aug. 15): Edited slightly.
EDIT (Aug. 4, 2023): Correctness edit.
EDIT (Aug. 5, 2023): Clarification.

You can target any nonland permanent with Mythos of Nethroi, no matter what you choose to spend to cast it. However, when Mythos of Nethroi resolves with a legal target, the target won't be destroyed if—

• that target isn't a creature, and
• GW wasn't spent to cast Mythos of Nethroi.

For example, say an opponent of yours controls Howling Mine. You cast Mythos of Nethroi, targeting Howling Mine and spending BBB. In response, you cast Karn's Touch targeting Howling Mine. All players pass, then Karn's Touch resolves and turns Howling Mine into an artifact creature. Then all players pass, then Mythos of Nethroi resolves; Howling Mine is destroyed since it's now a creature.

EDIT (Jul. 20, 2023): Clarification.

A double-faced card that enters the battlefield from a zone other than the stack enters with its front face up by default (C.R. 712.14).

See also:

- https://www.reddit.com/r/mtgrules/comments/13czj2z/jingitaxias_the_great_synthesis_questions/
- https://www.reddit.com/r/mtgrules/comments/x08ll0/flickering_a_double_faced_card_while_on_the_back/
- https://www.reddit.com/r/mtgrules/comments/nlw6k6/flicker_effects_and_flip_cards_like_delver/

In game terms, putting counters on an object includes—

• "putting counters on that object while it's on the battlefield", regardless of what verb is used to refer to that action (whether "put", "move" [C.R. 122.5], "double" [C.R. 701.9e], "give", or some other verb) (see also C.R. 701.1), and
• the case of "an object that's given counters as it enters the battlefield" (e.g., "enters the battlefield with ... counters"; see also C.R. 122.6a)

(C.R. 122.6).

See also:

- https://www.reddit.com/r/mtgrules/comments/yyra3z/reyhan_and_hardened_scales/
- https://www.reddit.com/r/mtgrules/comments/rk5l2w/vorinclex_and_moving_11_counters/
- https://www.reddit.com/r/mtgrules/comments/12ou796/enters_with_counters_laezel/
- https://www.reddit.com/r/mtgrules/comments/xwb56c/couple_of_questions_regarding_11_counters/
- https://www.reddit.com/r/mtgrules/comments/uo1ohz/is_put_a_counter_give_a_counter/
- https://www.reddit.com/r/mtgrules/comments/119843j/enters_with_counters/

Angel of Serenity
Razaketh, the Foulblooded

After the Angel's ETB trigger has been put on the stack and its targets have been selected, players can respond to that trigger. If you respond by removing the Angel somehow (for example with Razaketh's sac ability), its trigger is still on the stack waiting to do its thing. But its other trigger is now put on the stack, too, and as always, it is put on top of the stack, so somewhere on top of the other trigger. This means, that the return trigger resolves first, but there is nothing to return, because nothing has been exiled yet. The exile trigger will still resolve (because abilities on the stack exist independent of their sources) and do its thing, exiling all its targets that are still legal. In order to return those cards now, the Angel has to leave the battlefield, but it's not even there anymore, so the trigger can't go off. Even if the Angel returns and then leaves again, the game considers it a new object and thus its return abilty won't refer to the previously exiled cards since they were exiled by a different Angel as far as the game is concerned.