First when dealing with replacement effects like you are here it's not stacking or resolving technically you choose the order to apply the affects. This becomes important because replacing certain events can mean some replacement effects no longer apply. Second the affected player or the affected object's controller if it's not a player decides how to resolve the replacement abilities so it's actually your opponent who will choose the order.
616.1. If two or more replacement and/or prevention effects are attempting to modify the way an event affects an object or player, the affected object’s controller (or its owner if it has no controller) or the affected player chooses one to apply...
Assuming the opponent orders the effects in the way you've stated then yes you will be able to deal 48 to another target and then assuming it is also a 1/1 you will be able to deal ((47+2)*3) to another target and so on. However if the opponent orders them the other way then the first 1/1 will be dealt 11 damage (3*3+2) which will be 10 excess you can deal to another target and then so on.
Well right off the bat it looks like it's trying to be a lantern control deck only with sadistic sacrament instead of the lantern control part. If you want to do that you can, but just know it's going to be something of a gimic.
That being said you kind of have a lot of 3-4 drops in an ensnaring bridge deck which is likely to cause problems. Ideally you should be down to 2/3 cards when you are slamming down Ensnaring Bridge. You may also want to consider a Cabal Coffers type land package so that you can actually kick the Sadistic Sacrament. Maybe drop the blue? Or drop green and run more blue cantrips to find your Bridge.
When a spell does something it does it all at once. In this scenario the spell takes a look at the board and wipes everything that has the creature type on it from play at that specific instance. It cannot look forward and it cannot look back so the Nighthowler would live.
I don't think this is particularly good in a high power environment. Krasis brings critical card draw and lifegain to the table and fills an important role in ramp-centric Simic decks. At the time it was printed, it was arguably the best Simic card. Now we have an embarrassment of riches with Oko and Uro. At the time this is being printed I'm struggling to think of any place on the curve where I would, more often than not, want this card over any other red creature with the same mana value. I appreciate that the flexibility is meant to offset that weakness, but it needs something more. If this had an impulse draw etb, equal to X, that would have gotten me interested. As is, this is a safe pass.
Also, strongly dislike that we're seeing french vanilla mythics - there is nothing mythic about this card outside of how many red standard decks will likely need a playset of these to be competitive.
Agreed on the last part. This looks like a rare to me.
I really don't see it either. It seems fine, but casting it for less than X=4 seems bad for everybody but monored who isn't likely to get to X=4 with a winning position and at X=4 I'd rather have glory bringer. Mistcutter Hydra with flying, but that can be countered isn't exciting to me.
1) It's a creature when it dies so yes this works.
2) The Forest would go to the GY and then you may exile it. When it comes back it will be named Forest, but it will just be an enchantment. Because it is not a land it cannot have land subtypes so it will essentially have no text. Since it's no longer a subtype forest (even though it's named forest) it will not be affected by Life and Limb
3)Generally speaking yes. Unless the death ability specifically refers to a CARD as opposed to a token or if it refers to a creature dying. In your example the Protean Hulk ability will trigger.
4)No. In order to redirect damage the object (or player) being redirected to must be an legal option. You cannot deal damage to a non-creature enchantment so it would do nothing.
Commander Legends: Battle for Baldur's Gate cards with the CLB set code are permitted in the Commander, Legacy, and Vintage formats. Notably, they are not legal in the Standard, Pioneer, or Modern formats.
The answer to your question is no it does not remember the spells chosen. Each separate permanent keeps track separately so if you clone a Garth One-Eye that clone would not remember the originals choices. I will add that I am unsure how Quicksilver Elemental works with regaining the ability or multiple gains. Garth One-Eye says 'choose a card name that hasn't been chosen from among...' but it doesn't not specify from where it hasn't been chosen yet. The only reason I am certain of the answer to your question is from the Garth rulings
Each Garth One-Eye keeps track of card names chosen for itself, but not for other Garth One-Eyes. (Garths One-Eye?) If Garth One-Eye leaves the battlefield and returns, or you control another copy of it, it won't remember the choices made during earlier activations. However, if another player gains control of Garth One-Eye, it will remember choices made for it.
The issue for me is that it's not always a live card and that really limits it. When it's good it's fantastic and even game winning, but half the time it's a 4 mana 3/1 with flash and half the rest of the time it just stops like one card draw.
If the first player proposes a shortcut that the second player knows has a possibility of not working due to hidden information they do not want to reveal then they should call a judge and explain the situation to the judge and the judge will inform the first player that the loop must be done manually due to hidden information while not explaining that hidden information.
616.1. If two or more replacement and/or prevention effects are attempting to modify the way an event affects an object or player, the affected object’s controller (or its owner if it has no controller) or the affected player chooses one to apply...
Assuming the opponent orders the effects in the way you've stated then yes you will be able to deal 48 to another target and then assuming it is also a 1/1 you will be able to deal ((47+2)*3) to another target and so on. However if the opponent orders them the other way then the first 1/1 will be dealt 11 damage (3*3+2) which will be 10 excess you can deal to another target and then so on.
It still feels like there's some combo potential there, but unless I'm missing something it's not a crazy amount.
That being said you kind of have a lot of 3-4 drops in an ensnaring bridge deck which is likely to cause problems. Ideally you should be down to 2/3 cards when you are slamming down Ensnaring Bridge. You may also want to consider a Cabal Coffers type land package so that you can actually kick the Sadistic Sacrament. Maybe drop the blue? Or drop green and run more blue cantrips to find your Bridge.
Agreed on the last part. This looks like a rare to me.
2) The Forest would go to the GY and then you may exile it. When it comes back it will be named Forest, but it will just be an enchantment. Because it is not a land it cannot have land subtypes so it will essentially have no text. Since it's no longer a subtype forest (even though it's named forest) it will not be affected by Life and Limb
3)Generally speaking yes. Unless the death ability specifically refers to a CARD as opposed to a token or if it refers to a creature dying. In your example the Protean Hulk ability will trigger.
4)No. In order to redirect damage the object (or player) being redirected to must be an legal option. You cannot deal damage to a non-creature enchantment so it would do nothing.
See https://magic.wizards.com/en/formats/commander for card legality in commander format.
More than likely Gatherer just hasn't been updated for set release yet.
Each Garth One-Eye keeps track of card names chosen for itself, but not for other Garth One-Eyes. (Garths One-Eye?) If Garth One-Eye leaves the battlefield and returns, or you control another copy of it, it won't remember the choices made during earlier activations. However, if another player gains control of Garth One-Eye, it will remember choices made for it.