Attacking creatures exist only during the combat phase after attackers have been declared, blocking and blocked/unblocked creatures only exist during the combat phase after blockers have been declared. Some spells and abilities may create such creatures at a later time during combat, like bringing in a creature tapped and attacking. Those creature remain attacking/blocking/blocked until the combat phase ends or they are removed from combat. Therefore Gideon's Approach and similar only have legal target during that time.
Once an attacker has become blocked it stays blocked for the rest of combat or until it is removed from combat. Removal of the blocker does not make a creature become unblocked. And a blocked attacking creature does not get to deal combat damage to the player/planeswalker it's attacking, unless it has trample or a similar ability. If it has no blockers left and no such ability, it will simply deal no combat damage, which also means, that no life is gained from lifelink for example.
No, only an opponent can redirect damage from sources he controls to your planeswalkers. You can never redirect damage to your own planeswalkers with the planeswalker damage redirection rule.
810.9c If an effect sets a single player’s life total to a specific number, the player gains or loses the
necessary amount of life to end up with the new total. The team’s life total is adjusted by the
amount of life that player gained or lost.
Example: In a Two-Headed Giant game, a player on a team that has 25 life is targeted
by an ability that reads, “Target player’s life total becomes 10.” That player’s life total
is considered to be 25, so that player loses 15 life. The team winds up at 10 life.
Yes. If the source of the damage no longer exist, the result of the damage is calculated using its last known information. If that information includes the source having lifelink, then you gain life from it. Same applies to deathtouch, infect, and wither.
No, you can't. Once your opponent begins casting the spell, no player gets to interfere until the whole process is finished, which includes paying any costs associated with the spell, the sacrifice of a creature is one such cost. There is no way for you to stop it at this time. Your only chance to prevent your opponent from casting an emerge spell and saccing a creature for it is to remove that creature before he can legally begin to cast the spell. So during the upkeep or draw step of his turn, or during combat, before he enters his main phase, for example. Of course, you usually won't know that he is going cast the spell, but you could guess based on his game play so far.
Yes. While Karona changes controllers, the equipment does not, though it does stay attached to her. So if she is declared as attacker by whoever controlls her, you as the controller of the equipment get the angel token.
Attempting to cast a creature spell without flash or other special permission outside your own main phases is an illegal casting and would be rewound, yes.
Examples of a spell "fizzling" (countered on resolution by the game rules for lack of legal targets) would be
- casting Murder on a creature and that creature being granted protection from black sometime before Murder resolves like with Gods Willing
- Casting Doom Blade on a nonblack creature, and that creature being made black in response, like with Scuttlemutt
- Casting Niveous Wisps on a creature, and that creature leaving the battlefield before the Wisps resolves. The card draw won't happen either.
But attempting to cast a spell with an illegal target is an illegal action, that will get rewound.
No, as the rule cited above as well as the gather ruling above both state. This is because the shuffle is not an option to be chosen, but rather something that's a consequence of a certain chosen option. If you don't choose that option (for example, because you can't), you also don't get the follow up.
The effect of Turn to Frog ends and the only remaining effect on the Tree is the toughness exchange from its ability. So it will be a 0/X, where X is the opponent's life total at the time of the exchange.
No, and no. Flash Foliage can only be cast after blockers have been declared, because delcaing blockers is a turn based action and happens first in the declare blockers step, it doesn't use the stack and cannot be responded to. If you have a creature able to block the Bear, you must declare one as blocking it to get a legal blocker declaration, since you must fullfil as many blocking requirements as possible when declaring blockers.
The target for Donate is invalid since it is a Sorcery. A sorcery can only be played during a player's precombat main phase or postcombat main phase. Since you are in the Beginning of Upkeep step, it would be discarded and put into the graveyard.
Donate is a sorcery yes, but there are ways to cast it in the upkeep with instant timing nonetheless. And if a player illegally has cast a spell, the action is rewound, the card put back into the zone it came from (usually the hand). It does not go to the graveyard. Only if a spell is legally cast and later has only illegal targets when it resolves is it countered by the game rules and goes to the graveyard.
The end step only begins once, this is a very specific point in the turn structure, it is not a duration. Basically, the beginning of the end step is the time when the game moves from the second main phase to the end step. Any delayed triggered abilities and objects with triggers that trigger "at the beginning of the [next/your] end step" must exist prior to this specific point in time or they don't trigger. Nothing in the game ever triggers retroactively.
Yes. When resolving a spell/ability, you ignore any instructions that are impossible to perform (in this case the search). The shuffle is a seperate instruction and is not depending on you being able to perform the search. You must, however, choose to search, since the "may" refers to the whole package.
edit:
Sorry, just remembered this rule:
608.2d If an effect of a spell or ability offers any choices other than choices already made as part of
casting the spell, activating the ability, or otherwise putting the spell or ability on the stack, the
player announces these while applying the effect. The player can’t choose an option that’s
illegal or impossible, with the exception that having a library with no cards in it doesn’t make
drawing a card an impossible action (see rule 120.3). If an effect divides or distributes
something, such as damage or counters, as a player chooses among any number of untargeted
players and/or objects, the player chooses the amount and division such that at least one player
or object is chosen if able, and each chosen player or object receives at least one of whatever is
being divided. (Note that if an effect divides or distributes something, such as damage or
counters, as a player chooses among some number of target objects and/or players, the amount
and division were determined as the spell or ability was put onto the stack rather than at this
time; see rule 601.2d.)
With the search being made impossible by the Arbiter, you'll have to choose not to search, and thus also forgo the shuffle.
Your opponent's creatures won't be able to attack you until your next turn. You exile CE and put three time counters on it. It is suspended, but it is your opponent who will benefit from that, since cards in exile don't have controllers, so the owner benefits from their abilities. I.e. you suspended CE for your opponent.
Once an attacker has become blocked it stays blocked for the rest of combat or until it is removed from combat. Removal of the blocker does not make a creature become unblocked. And a blocked attacking creature does not get to deal combat damage to the player/planeswalker it's attacking, unless it has trample or a similar ability. If it has no blockers left and no such ability, it will simply deal no combat damage, which also means, that no life is gained from lifelink for example.
Examples of a spell "fizzling" (countered on resolution by the game rules for lack of legal targets) would be
- casting Murder on a creature and that creature being granted protection from black sometime before Murder resolves like with Gods Willing
- Casting Doom Blade on a nonblack creature, and that creature being made black in response, like with Scuttlemutt
- Casting Niveous Wisps on a creature, and that creature leaving the battlefield before the Wisps resolves. The card draw won't happen either.
But attempting to cast a spell with an illegal target is an illegal action, that will get rewound.
Donate is a sorcery yes, but there are ways to cast it in the upkeep with instant timing nonetheless. And if a player illegally has cast a spell, the action is rewound, the card put back into the zone it came from (usually the hand). It does not go to the graveyard. Only if a spell is legally cast and later has only illegal targets when it resolves is it countered by the game rules and goes to the graveyard.
Yes. When resolving a spell/ability, you ignore any instructions that are impossible to perform (in this case the search). The shuffle is a seperate instruction and is not depending on you being able to perform the search. You must, however, choose to search, since the "may" refers to the whole package.edit:
Sorry, just remembered this rule:
With the search being made impossible by the Arbiter, you'll have to choose not to search, and thus also forgo the shuffle.